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19FortyFive delivers defense and national security analysis from former military officers, intelligence professionals, and the world's leading strategic thinkers. Breaking news on weapons, conflict, and global strategy — updated daily.

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I Am a Retired US Army Special Forces NCO: The .950 JDJ Fires a Half-Pound Bullet With Three Times the Energy of a .50 BMG, and It’s Legal
Sep 24, 2026 · original
The .950 JDJ: Meet the Most Powerful Rifle on Earth – Some rifles are built to hunt. The .950 JDJ was built to answer one question: how big can a sporting rifle get ? The answer is known as the “Fat Mac,” and it is almost an inch across the bore, a massive bullet that weighs more than half a pound, and more than 38,000 foot-pounds of energy at the muzzle. It’s widely billed as the most powerful rifle on earth, and among commercially built sporting rifles, nothing else really comes close . The Man Behind The Monster Largest Caliber Bullet .950 JDJ. Image Credit: YouTube Screenshot. The .950 was developed by J.D. Jones , the Ohio gunsmith and cartridge designer who founded SSK Industries in 1977. Jones spent his career pushing the limits of what a firearm could do. According to American Rifleman’s profile of SSK , he developed a long list of JDJ wildcat cartridges for the Thompson/Center C
‘Hit But No Boom’: Investigations Proved that For Nearly 2 Years US Navy Submarines During World War II Fired Torpedoes That ‘Frequently Failed’
Sep 24, 2026 · original
In September this year, the U.S. Navy reported that a California-class submarine completed its first loading and unloading of Mark 48 torpedoes . Today’s submariners, though, use very different weapons from those used by their predecessors — including those carried into the Pacific War — and there is a long, storied, and complicated history of the U.S. Navy’s use of torpedoes. For almost two years after Japan’s infamous Pearl Harbor attack , American submarines were firing torpedoes that frequently failed. Some of those torpedoes went underneath enemy ships, while others just exploded before they arrived. The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941. And even when a torpedo hit a ship squarely, it didn’t necessarily detonate — instead, it acted as a sort of cannonball. Submarine crews knew it was going on and reported the problems, but the Na
I Am a Retired US Army Special Forces NCO: The Glock 44 Makes You Better With Your Glock 19. I Still Wouldn’t Carry It.
Sep 24, 2026 · original
Some pistols are built for the holster. The Glock 44 is built for the range. Its job is to make you a better shooter with the Glock you already carry. Glock put off making a rimfire pistol for decades. When it was finally unveiled in January 2020 , the G44 had an MSRP of $430 and looked almost identical to the Glock 19. That was deliberate, and a brilliant idea. The G44 is a .22 LR trainer in the frame of America’s most popular carry pistol. Six years later, it’s still one of the most useful handguns Glock sells, provided you understand what it is. What You’re Getting With The Current Glock 44 The current model is the G44 V , which was part of the V Series lineup Glock announced in October 2025 when it retired most of its Gen 4 and Gen 5 models. The specifications are familiar . It has a 4.02-inch barrel, a 7.28-inch overall length, and a 1.26-inch width. The trigger pull is listed at ab
‘Self Destruct Mode Installed’: A US Navy Nuclear Powered Submarine Collected 13 Navy Expeditionary Medals and 2 Presidential Unit Citations and No One Knows Exactly Why Besides the Sub Was Some Sort of Underwater Spy
Sep 24, 2026 · original
Summary and Key Points: USS Parche entered service in 1974 as an ordinary Sturgeon-class attack submarine and left in 2004 with nine Presidential Unit Citations, a record widely treated as the most decorated of any U.S. submarine. She never fought a famous battle. In 1978, the Navy converted her to replace USS Halibut on the cable-tapping work that had begun as Operation Ivy Bells, listening on a Soviet line in the Sea of Okhotsk, and later sent her against cables in the Barents and White Seas. What those deployments actually recovered is still classified. The sail is all that remains on public display in Bremerton. The Spy Submarine that Made History for the US Navy The Sturgeon-class nuclear-powered submarine was one of the United States Navy’s most important submarine classes of the Cold War era. But one specific submarine of this class, the USS Parche (SSN-683), stands out. It was no
Investigation Reveals $3,200,000,000 In Damage: A 40,000-Ton US Navy Amphibious Assault Ship Caught Fire and It Took Days to Put Out. The Navy Was Forced to Scrap the Ship in Texas
Sep 24, 2026 · original
USS Bonhomme Richard burned at a pier in San Diego from July 12 to July 16, 2020. The Navy later said fixing the Wasp-class amphibious ship could cost as much as $3.2 billion and take five to seven years. It sold the remaining hull to a Texas shipbreaker for $3.66 million. An August 2026 investigation into an 11-hour fire on USS New Orleans said the crew’s response drew on lessons from that incident. USS Bonhomme Richard: How a US Navy Warship Burned At the Pier In August 2026, a Navy investigation released findings on an 11-hour fire aboard USS New Orleans. The crew ultimately put it out, and the ship returned to service, with investigators saying that the crew’s response benefited from lessons learned after the fire that destroyed a different amphibious ship six years earlier: USS Bonhomme Richard. The Bonhomme Richard fire began when the ship was tied to a pier in San Diego. It burned
‘Those Days are Over”: The US Air Force Admits It Must Completely Change How it Fights Thanks to the Iran and Ukraine Wars
Sep 24, 2026 · original
The United States Air Force is creating a new career path to expand the air defense capabilities of America’s flying branch and ensure the safety of U.S. Air Force bases. Chief of Staff of the Air Force General Kenneth S. Wilsbach announced the project during his State of the Air Force address that kicked off the Air & Space Forces Association’s Air, Space & Cyber Conference . The Iran and Ukraine Wars Will Change How America Fights “For decades, American air and space power has often operated from a position of sanctuary. Those days are over,” General Wilsbach said. “We can no longer treat point defense as a side hustle. We must make it a core function of air and space power.” Clearly, that was a reference to recent combat operations with Iran . General Wilsbach also said a new weapon system will enter service, though details were scarce. He did, however, explain that the air defense sy
I’d Love a 10mm, but as a Former Green Beret I Stick With 9mm. The Ammo Math and the FBI’s Own Hit Rates Explain Why.
Sep 24, 2026 · original
The 10mm Auto: Great Round, But Is It the Right One for Self-Defense? – The 10mm is the cartridge that refuses to die. It was born in the 1980s; it nearly vanished in the 1990s, and today it’s more popular than ever. Walk into any gun shop, and you’ll find a rack of 10mm pistols and a customer asking whether he should carry one. That’s a fair question . The answer depends on what you’re defending yourself against, and how well-trained you are. Glock 20 10mm Auto Creative Commons Photo Image: Springfield Armory. The 10mm Auto is popular for self-defense because it delivers massive kinetic energy (600–750 ft-lbs), flat trajectories, and deep penetration, bridging the gap between standard service pistols and magnum revolvers , while still offering high magazine capacities (15+ rounds in modern polymer handguns ). And let’s face it, Americans love their firepower. A Round Born From A Bad Day
‘She Broke Free’: The CIA Used a Cover Story to Recover a Chunk of a Russian Ballistic Submarine Armed with Nuclear Warheads But Part of the Sub Slid Back Below the Waves
Sep 24, 2026 · original
In the summer of 1974, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, an enormous and bizarre ship called the Hughes Glomar Explorer lowered miles of pipe toward the seabed. To the public, the ship’s activity revolved around eccentric billionaire Howard Hughes’ attempt to pioneer deep-ocean mining, ostensibly to harvest valuable manganese nodules from the abyssal plain. But this was just a cover story —a convincing one, given how secretive, wealthy, and ambitious Hughes was. No one would have been particularly surprised by another strange Hughes venture. Yet Hughes wasn’t mining anything. The Glomar Explorer had been secretly designed for the CIA for the purpose of picking up a sunken Soviet submarine from the ocean floor. Finding K-129 Russian Submarine Armed with Nuclear Warheads K-129 was a Soviet Project 629A/Golf II-class diesel-electric ballistic-missile submarine. Operated by the Soviet Paci
Two Bombs, over 800 dead, the Ship Listing 13 Degrees with Her Own Ordnance Cooking Off: US Navy Essex-Class Aircraft Carrier Survived What Seems Like Impossible Odds
Sep 23, 2026 · original
The story of the aircraft carrier USS Franklin (CV-13) is one of the most incredible survival stories in maritime history, military and civilian alike. In the annals of United States Navy history, the Second World War was ultimately a triumphant endeavor , but it came at the cost of many tragic losses of men and materiel. USS Franklin However, the Franklin’s example shows that even in the midst of grievous tragedy and adversity, the human spirit can triumph against seemingly impossible odds. Indeed, this particular “ flattop ” crew became the most decorated crew for a single action in U.S. Navy history : 392 decorations were awarded, including 2 Medals of Honor, 20 Navy Crosses, and 22 Silver Stars. USS Franklin (CV-13) Initial History and Tech Specs CV-13 was a member of the 24-ship-strong Essex-class of aircraft carriers, which were the backbone of the USN WWII fleet . Named in honor o
‘I heard a shout and turned round to see an F-16 on fire’: An F-16 Fighter crashed at Nellis and hydrazine from its emergency unit trapped an RAF Vulcan crew inside the bomber
Sep 23, 2026 · original
Summary and Key Points : In 1982, during the last Red Flag exercise to fly an Avro Vulcan, an F-16 crashed at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada and the pilot ejected. The jet’s emergency power unit ran on hydrazine, a fuel that is toxic and highly flammable, and the spill put a cloud over the ramp. Air traffic told every crew to shut hatches, windows, and doors and stay inside. The F-16 Accident and the Vulcan Crew The military often uses training programs to prepare crews before deploying them to combat operations. The United States Air Force (USAF) is no exception. For decades, the USAF has conducted Red Flag exercises at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada to prepare aircrews for intensive air combat sorties in a safe training environment. Held only three times a year, Red Flag exercises involve participants from the Five Eyes , including the United Kingdom. Accidents can happen, and one su
‘The Math Doesn’t Work’: The US Navy Spent $800,000,000 Million on Trying to Repair a Nuclear Attack Submarine That Was Delayed So Long It Made Sense to Cancel and Retire the Sub
Sep 23, 2026 · original
Earlier this year, the U.S. Navy announced that it was pulling the plug on the USS Boise (SSN-764), a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine (SSN) that has been out of action for roughly ten years. Originally scheduled for routine maintenance in 2016, Boise was forced to wait in port because of limited drydock space and other maintenance backlogs . The Los Angeles-class attack submarine USS Boise (SSN 764) returns to homeport at Naval Station Norfolk after a six-month deployment. During the deployment the ship traveled more than 37,000 nautical miles while executing the chief of naval operation’s maritime strategy in supporting national security interests and maritime security operations. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Todd A. Schaffer) The Los Angeles-class attack submarine USS Boise (SSN 764) pulls into port in Duqm, Oman. Boise is the first nuclear ves
81 Years Later, General Anthony McAuliffe’s 1-Word Reply to a German Surrender Demand Is Still the Greatest Rebuttal in US Army History
Sep 23, 2026 · original
Summary and Key Points: On December 22, 1944, four German soldiers walked up to F Company, 327th Glider Infantry, south of Bastogne, and handed the 101st Airborne a written demand: surrender the encircled town in two hours or be annihilated by artillery. Brig. Gen. Anthony McAuliffe, woken from sleep and told the Germans had come to take the American surrender, answered with the word he already used when he was annoyed. The Battle of the Bulge and That One Word Rebuttal It’s one of the better-known World War II anecdotes: When the Germans, during the Battle of the Bulge, tried to deliver an ultimatum of surrender to the Americans, Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe responded with an unforgettable one-word reply. According to an account published on t he Army’s official website in 2013, written by the general’s nephew, Kenneth J. McAuliffe, Jr., it happened on December 22, 1944, just ove
An Israeli Air Force F-15D Lost Almost Its Entire Right Wing in a Midair Collision Over the Negev on May 1, 1983. The Pilot Did Not Know It Was Gone. He Landed at About 250 Knots Against a Normal 130, and Only Saw the Damage After He Opened the Canopy.
Sep 23, 2026 · original
Summary and Key Points: Zivi Nedivi has said that if he had known his right wing was gone, he would have ejected. That is the whole reason he is alive. On May 1, 1983, during dissimilar air combat training over the Negev Desert, his two-seat F-15D collided with an A-4 Skyhawk. The Skyhawk came apart, and its pilot got out. The Eagle pitched hard down and began to roll. Israel’s F-15 Fighters Look Almost Unbreakable Israel is moving to purchase more F-15s , with its defense ministry announcing in May this year that it approved a second squadron of the new F-15IA . The decision means the Israeli Air Force will continue investing in a fighter jet first flown more than half a century ago. F-15I Ra’am. Image Credit: IDF. F-15I. Image Credit: Creative Commons. F-15I Ra’am. Image Credit: Creative Commons. It’s an aircraft with a long history, and several remarkable incidents have occurred durin
Sorry, F-35: South Korea’s Air Force Takes Delivery of its First Stealthy KF-21 Boramae Fighter
Sep 23, 2026 · original
Korea’s First KF-21 Delivered to Air Force – After North Korea launched missiles last week, South Korea’s Air Force received the first KF-21 Boramae fighter. The Boramae will likely bolster South Korea’s defense amid ongoing tensions with North Korea over its missile launches . The first Boramae was produced by Korea Aerospace Industries and transported to the Air Force Base on September 22. An FA-50, a TA-50 and a T-50 escorted the new jet. Maj. Han, one of the first Boramae-qualified pilots, flew the Boramae to the new base. After landing, Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) and Air Force officials signed papers accepting the jet. “Up until yesterday was the time for the Boramae project’s policymakers and developers,” said Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Son Sug-rag. “From today onward, it is the Air Force’s time.” Air Force commanders have ordered the receiving crews to tr
‘Major Milestone’: The US Military Just Ordered 4,000 one-way attack UAVs with Single-Operator Drone Swarm Control
Sep 23, 2026 · original
A company that just won a major defense contract got started out well outside of that industry: drone light shows. Swarm Defense’s sister company, Firefly Drone Shows, has built more than 20,000 drones since 2017. The firms are based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. Swarm Defense Technologies said on September 22 that it had gotten a prototype order for 4,000 Kiwi drones from the Department of War’s Drone Dominance Program. The order is worth some $25 million. The order was celebrated as a “major milestone” by CEO Kyle Dorosz. Adam Wright, the firm president and a former Navy SEAL, put things in more numerical terms, noting that “Combat units need to bring volume to the fight.” The ‘Kiwi’ The Kiwi itself is an attritable quadcopter, meaning that it is cheap and fast enough to build that it may routinely get lost in combat. Swarm Defense said these “Kiwis” can achieve a dash speed of 120 mph. T
‘Slow-Motion Defeat’: Iran Found the Weak Spot in U.S. Power, and It Wasn’t Aircraft Carriers or Fighter Jets. It Was the Bases.
Sep 23, 2026 · original
Iranian missile and drone strikes on US bases in the Persian Gulf this year should be a huge wake-up call for the United States. America’s massive conventional lead over its challengers has not prevented US vulnerability to counter-strikes. Indeed, the regional damage is apparently worse than was initially made public. U.S. sailors perform a foreign object debris walkdown on the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) Feb. 19, 2013, in the Arabian Sea. The ship was deployed to the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility to conduct maritime security operations, theater security cooperation efforts and support missions for Operation Enduring Freedom. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kenneth Abbate/Released) The Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) underway at sunset in the Persian Gulf. Roosevelt and embarked Carrie
Water in three sensors wrecked the B-2 Spirit of Kansas, tail 89-0127, and the US Air Force priced that Guam crash at $1,407,006,920, calling it the most expensive aircraft crash on record, after the bomber rotated too slow at Andersen on February 23, 2008
Sep 23, 2026 · original
The U.S. once lost one of its most modern and expensive jets when water interfered with its sensors. The incident took place on February 23, 2008, on the runway at Andersen Air Force Base in Guam, a U.S. island territory. Seconds after takeoff, a B-2 Spirit jerked upward, stalled, and crashed. The “Spirit of Kansas” aircraft, tail number 89-0127, was completely wrecked. The pair of pilots on board managed to eject themselves, but one of them fell victim to a spinal compression fracture. The US Air Force placed the cost of the mishap at precisely $1,407,006,920. Andersen’s own history of the episode deems it the “most expensive aircraft crash in history.” B-2 Bomber: Taking Off With Poor Data En route to Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri, Spirit of Kansas was second in a formation departing Andersen after a four-month deployment. During the flight, its crew received an “AIRDATA CAL” ale
A Civilian Sandblaster Set Fire to a Bag of Rags Aboard the Nuclear Attack Submarine USS Miami on May 23, 2012 Because He Wanted to Leave Work Early. It Burned for 10 Hours. Repairs Came to $700,000,000, the US Navy Scrapped the Submarine, and He Got 17 Years.
Sep 23, 2026 · original
Summary and Key Points: Casey James Fury had run out of sick days. On the evening of May 23, 2012, at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, he set fire to some rags in a plastic bag aboard USS Miami — a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine three months into a routine overhaul — because he wanted to go home early. The fire burned from five in the evening until three the next morning. It destroyed the crew quarters, the command-and-control spaces, and the torpedo room. The Navy first estimated $450,000,000 to fix her, then found the actual cost was closer to $700,000,000 and decided the money would have to come from other ships. Miami was decommissioned on March 27, 2014. Fury was sentenced to 17 years. The Crazy Way the US Navy Lost a Nuclear Attack Submarine The Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine USS Pasadena (SSN 752) returns to Naval Base Point Loma, San Diego, March 30, 2017 after a s
The US Navy Beached the 27,500-Ton Battleship USS Nevada at Pearl Harbor After 6 Bomb Hits and 1 Torpedo. She Was Repaired, Shelled Normandy on D-Day, Survived 2 Atomic Bombs at Bikini, Then Took 5 Days of Naval Gunfire Before 1 Aerial Torpedo Finally Sank Her on July 31, 1948.
Sep 23, 2026 · original
The State of Nevada proudly boasts the motto of “ Battle Born ,” so it’s poetically apt that a United States Navy warship named in honor of the state—that being the battleship USS Nevada (BB-36) —would participate in the battle that “birthed” America’s entry into World War II, i.e., the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) raid on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 . The “Battle Born” BB-36 refused to die at Pearl Harbor or in any other battle she fought in. Heck, for that matter, after the war ended , she stubbornly refused to die easily even after being struck by an atomic bomb . Now we take a look at USS Nevada’s remarkable, hardscrabble history . WWII USS Nevada (BB-36) Initial History, Premise, and Vital Stats USS Nevada Creative Commons Image Battleship USS Nevada. Image: Creative Commons. USS Nevada. Image Credit: Creative Commons. Underway off the U.S. Atlantic coast, 17 September 1944. Ph
A US Air Force F-106 Delta Dart Went Into a Flat Spin at 35,000 Feet Over Montana on February 2, 1970. The Pilot Ejected at 15,000 Feet. The Aircraft Recovered on Its Own, Landed in a Snow-Covered Field, and Flew for 16 More Years.
Sep 23, 2026 · original
California’s Castle Air Museum featured an F-106 Delta Dart at an open-cockpit event on September 5, 2026 , giving attendees a chance to see a legendary Cold War interceptor in person. It’s an interceptor built to pursue Soviet bombers and a piece of American aviation history. But another F-106 is displayed over 2,000 miles away in Ohio, with a particularly unique history. Image: Creative Commons. F-106 Delta Dart. Image: Creative Commons. Convair F-106A. (U.S. Air Force photo) That aircraft is remembered for the time that it landed after its pilot ejected — without crashing. The aircraft miraculously landed in a Montana field and was ultimately returned to service. The Ohio aircraft, an F-106A with the serial number 58-0787, is a remarkable piece of history — and its story has been told in both museums and accounts published online and in books. A Cold War Interceptor The F-106 was desi

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